LAN patch cords (or Ethernet patch cables) are short lengths of flexible cable used to connect end devices like computers to wall outlets, or to link network equipment in server racks. Unlike bulk "horizontal" cabling hidden in walls, patch cords are designed for frequent handling and bending.
The performance of a patch cord is defined by its "Category" (Cat). Higher categories support faster data speeds over longer distances.Common Types and Categories
- Cat5e (Category 5 Enhanced): Supports speeds up to 1 Gbps at 100MHz. It's the standard for basic home networking.
- Cat6: Supports 1 Gbps reliably and up to 10 Gbps for shorter distances (under 55 meters) at 250MHz.
- Cat6a (Augmented): Designed for high-performance environments, supporting 10 Gbps at 500MHz over the full 100-meter length.
- Cat7/Cat8: Used primarily in data centers for speeds up to 40 Gbps.
- Shielded vs. Unshielded
- UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): The most common type. It is flexible, easy to install, and suitable for most home and office environments.
- STP/FTP (Shielded): Features internal foil wrapping to protect against Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Best for industrial settings or near high-voltage equipment.
Patch cords often use color-coding to help technicians organize complex networks at a glance:Visual Identification and Colors
- Blue/Grey:Standard data and general networking.
- Yellow:Often used for POE (Power over Ethernet) or IP security cameras.
- Red:Typically reserved for emergency systems or critical "don't disconnect" uplinks.
- Green:Sometimes used for administrative or management network segments